1
00:00:00,533 --> 00:00:04,040
200 years that changed the world,
a Gapminder video with Hans Rosling.     

2
00:00:05,108 --> 00:00:08,108
It was the last 200 years that changed the world. 

3
00:00:09,381 --> 00:00:14,502
I will show you in Gapminder World,
the situation in 1809.

4
00:00:14,835 --> 00:00:19,169
Each bubble is a country,
the size shows the population.   

5
00:00:20,069 --> 00:00:24,069
The color shows the continent.
The brown is West Europe.

6
00:00:24,370 --> 00:00:26,670
You can look at the map for the rest.

7
00:00:27,304 --> 00:00:33,171
This axis shows health - life expectancy at birth - from 30 years to 80 years.

8
00:00:34,876 --> 00:00:43,206
And this axis shows income per person in dollars.

9
00:00:43,539 --> 00:00:49,946
200 years ago, all countries had a life expectancy less than 40 years.

10
00:00:50,440 --> 00:00:53,754
And had an income less than 3000$.

11
00:00:53,911 --> 00:00:59,261
Now I start! The countries with good statistics are "jumping" up and down.

12
00:00:59,304 --> 00:01:01,582
There were famine years (down) and better years (up). 

13
00:01:01,737 --> 00:01:05,848
During the industrialization, West Europe and North America started to grow the economy.

14
00:01:06,920 --> 00:01:12,547
But the health didn't get much better -
Slowly, slowly, the health got better.

15
00:01:12,876 --> 00:01:19,946
When we reached the 20:th century, most countries hadn't improved much.

16
00:01:21,456 --> 00:01:27,843
It was only this part (mouse cursor) that got healthier.

17
00:01:29,049 --> 00:01:35,413
Between the First and Second World War, the differences increased.

18
00:01:35,813 --> 00:01:39,614
It was after the Second World War,
most change took place.

19
00:01:39,614 --> 00:01:43,614
The green Arab Countries get richer. 
China is getting healthier.

20
00:01:44,885 --> 00:01:47,814
And now economic growth start in China!

21
00:01:47,814 --> 00:01:51,814
The Arab countries get healthier.
And here we are today.

22
00:01:52,948 --> 00:02:00,465
We have a continuous world: from high - to middle - to low life expectancy.

23
00:02:01,283 --> 00:02:09,551
But today, all countries are estimated to have 40+ years of life expectancy.

24
00:02:12,617 --> 00:02:15,685
All do not have more than 3000$ per capita. 

25
00:02:17,230 --> 00:02:23,824
The world has become healthier and richer. The difference is still enormous.

26
00:02:24,335 --> 00:02:28,335
There are also big differences within countries which we do not show here.

27
00:02:31,720 --> 00:02:37,594
To show 200 years of change in another way,

28
00:02:37,594 --> 00:02:43,822
I would like to compare two countries. I will go back to 1809.

29
00:02:48,739 --> 00:02:52,323
I would like to compare USA and China.

30
00:02:52,323 --> 00:02:56,424
Look! Two hundred years ago the US economy was growing.

31
00:02:56,590 --> 00:03:00,590
China was dominated by foreign powers, and the economy declined.

32
00:03:00,791 --> 00:03:04,791
Then health started to improve in the US, but nothing happened in China.

33
00:03:05,806 --> 00:03:11,892
Not until modern China emerged - around 1950 - China started to improve.

34
00:03:13,933 --> 00:03:19,204
1958-61 was what Mao Zedong called the "Great Leap Forward".

35
00:03:19,204 --> 00:03:24,730
In fact it meant a "leap downwards", but eventually China improved in health.

36
00:03:24,870 --> 00:03:30,128
... and then had a fast economic growth. It is now catching up with the US.

37
00:03:31,696 --> 00:03:34,695
And today the world looks like this.

38
00:03:34,695 --> 00:03:38,229
Some call it a "Flat World" 
- it is not really flat - ...

39
00:03:38,229 --> 00:03:42,663
What is meant with that expression is that the Middle-income countries  

40
00:03:42,882 --> 00:03:49,731
now have relatively good health, basic (and high-level) education.

41
00:03:50,335 --> 00:03:56,365
They can now compete with the high-income coutries.

42
00:03:57,722 --> 00:04:04,065
We can see this clearly in the financial downturn.

43
00:04:05,435 --> 00:04:09,533
In 2009, the income will fall in most of the high-income countries.

44
00:04:09,533 --> 00:04:13,360
It will be a very tough period for the low-income countries.   

45
00:04:13,592 --> 00:04:17,592
Perhaps those will be worst hit by the financial downturn.

46
00:04:17,904 --> 00:04:21,904
Whereas the Middle-income countries continue to have economic growth.

47
00:04:22,363 --> 00:04:25,404
And the gap between the richest and those in the middle

48
00:04:25,404 --> 00:04:29,404
will probably shrink quite fast during the next three years.

49
00:04:29,869 --> 00:04:33,869
You can look at the details of each country in Gapminder World.

50
00:04:34,537 --> 00:04:37,989
- a free web service at 
www.gapminder.org